TRB BT Assistant - Plant Reproduction and Embryology Online Test (MCQ Quiz)

1. What is the primary function of pollination in flowering plants?

A) To absorb nutrients from the soil B) To transfer pollen from the anther to the stigma C) To produce oxygen through photosynthesis D) To store water in the roots

2. Which part of the flower typically attracts pollinators?

A) Sepal B) Petal C) Pistil D) Stamen

3. What is the process by which pollen grains germinate on the stigma?

A) Fertilization B) Pollination C) Germination D) Pollen tube growth

4. In angiosperms, what does a pollen grain contain?

A) Ovule and embryo sac B) Egg cell and polar nuclei C) Two male gametes and a tube nucleus D) Stigma and style

5. What is the female gamete in flowering plants called?

A) Pollen grain B) Sperm cell C) Egg cell (ovum) D) Zygote

6. The fusion of male gamete with the egg cell results in the formation of:

A) Endosperm B) Zygote C) Embryo sac D) Pollen tube

7. What is double fertilization, a characteristic feature of angiosperms?

A) Fusion of two male gametes with the egg cell B) Fusion of one male gamete with the egg cell and another with the polar nuclei C) Fusion of the pollen tube with the ovule D) Fusion of two polar nuclei

8. What is the primary role of the endosperm in a seed?

A) Protection of the embryo B) Attracting pollinators C) Providing nourishment to the developing embryo D) Aiding in seed dispersal

9. Which part of the ovule develops into the seed coat?

A) Integuments B) Nucellus C) Embryo sac D) Micropyle

10. What is the function of the embryo sac (female gametophyte) in angiosperms?

A) To produce pollen B) To contain the egg cell and polar nuclei C) To develop into the fruit wall D) To anchor the plant

11. Apomixis is a type of asexual reproduction in plants that mimics sexual reproduction by producing seeds without:

A) Pollination B) Fertilization C) Pollen D) Ovary

12. Which of the following is a common method of artificial pollination?

A) Wind pollination B) Insect pollination C) Emasculation and hand-pollination D) Water pollination

13. What is emasculation in plant breeding?

A) Removal of stigma B) Removal of stamens from a bisexual flower C) Removal of petals D) Induction of self-pollination

14. What is the role of the micropyle in an ovule?

A) It is the entry point for the pollen tube B) It develops into the seed C) It forms the fruit D) It protects the ovule

15. In a typical dicot embryo, the plumule develops into the:

A) Root system B) Shoot system C) Cotyledons D) Seed coat

16. The radicle is the embryonic root, and it develops from which part of the embryo?

A) Plumule B) Hypocotyl C) Radicle D) Epicotyl

17. What is the function of the hypocotyl in a seedling?

A) To develop into the first leaves B) To form the primary root C) To connect the cotyledons to the radicle D) To store food

18. Which type of seed contains stored food in the endosperm?

A) Exalbuminous seed B) Albuminous seed C) Dicotyledonous seed D) Monocotyledonous seed

19. In monocot seeds like maize, the scutellum is a modified:

A) Endosperm B) Cotyledon C) Coleoptile D) Plumule

20. What is the pericarp?

A) The seed coat B) The fruit wall derived from the ovary wall C) The embryo sac D) The endosperm

21. Which part of the flower develops into the fruit?

A) Ovary B) Ovule C) Petal D) Stamen

22. Parthenocarpy refers to the development of fruits without:

A) Pollination B) Fertilization C) Seeds D) Pollen

23. What is the primary role of fruits in plant reproduction?

A) Photosynthesis B) Absorption of water C) Seed dispersal D) Nutrient storage

24. Which of the following is an example of a fleshy fruit?

A) Pea pod B) Capsule C) Berry D) Nut

25. A dry fruit that splits open along one suture to release seeds is called a:

A) Achene B) Samara C) Legume D) Capsule

26. What is the function of the coleoptile in monocot seedlings?

A) To protect the developing shoot B) To absorb nutrients C) To anchor the plant D) To store food

27. Which term describes the phenomenon where a single plant produces both male and female reproductive structures?

A) Dioecious B) Monoecious C) Unisexual D) Bisexual

28. What is autogamy?

A) Pollination between different plants of the same species B) Pollination between flowers of different species C) Pollination of a flower by pollen from the same flower D) Pollination by insects

29. Geitonogamy is a type of pollination that involves:

A) Pollen transfer between flowers on the same plant B) Pollen transfer between flowers on different plants C) Pollen transfer within the same flower D) Pollen transfer by wind only

30. Xenogamy is synonymous with:

A) Self-pollination B) Cross-pollination C) Artificial pollination D) Cleistogamy

31. Which mechanism prevents self-pollination in many plants?

A) Protandry (anthers mature before stigma) B) Protogyny (stigma matures before anthers) C) Dichogamy (temporal separation of maturation) D) All of the above

32. What is the role of the nucellus in the ovule?

A) To develop into the fruit wall B) To nourish the developing embryo sac and embryo C) To form the seed coat D) To attract pollinators

33. The process of seed germination is initiated by:

A) High temperature B) Adequate moisture C) Darkness D) Low oxygen levels

34. What is the function of the coleorhiza in monocot seedlings?

A) To protect the developing shoot B) To protect the developing root C) To absorb water D) To store food

35. In angiosperms, the male gametophyte is represented by the:

A) Ovule B) Embryo sac C) Pollen grain D) Ovary

36. What is perisperm?

A) Remnants of the nucellus persisting in the seed B) The primary endosperm nucleus C) The outer layer of the seed coat D) The embryo axis

37. Which type of fruit develops from a single flower with multiple pistils?

A) Aggregate fruit B) Multiple fruit C) Simple fruit D) Accessory fruit

38. An example of a multiple fruit developing from an inflorescence is:

A) Apple B) Strawberry C) Jackfruit D) Tomato

39. The process where the embryo within the seed becomes dormant is called:

A) Germination B) Stratification C) Dormancy D) Scarification

40. Which part of the stamen produces pollen?

A) Filament B) Anther C) Connective D) Pollen tube

41. What is the function of the style in the pistil?

A) To receive pollen B) To connect the stigma to the ovary C) To develop into the fruit D) To produce ovules

42. What is the ovule enclosed within?

A) Anther B) Stigma C) Ovary D) Filament

43. The arrangement of cells within the embryo sac typically includes:

A) One egg cell, two polar nuclei, two synergids, and three antipodal cells B) One egg cell, one polar nucleus, three synergids, and two antipodal cells C) Two egg cells, one polar nucleus, one synergid, and three antipodal cells D) Three egg cells, two polar nuclei, one synergid, and two antipodal cells

44. What is the term for the phenomenon where the embryo develops from an unfertilized egg cell?

A) Parthenogenesis B) Apomixis C) Gynogenesis D) Androgenesis

45. Which structure in the ovule eventually develops into the embryo?

A) Nucellus B) Integument C) Embryo sac D) Micropyle

46. What is the primary function of the cotyledons in a dicot seed?

A) To protect the embryo B) To develop into the first leaves C) To store or absorb food D) To anchor the seedling

47. The process of pollen tube penetration through the ovule is guided by:

A) Gravity B) Chemotropism C) Phototropism D) Hydrotropism

48. What is the significance of the chalaza in the ovule?

A) It is the attachment point of the ovule to the placenta B) It is the opening for pollen entry C) It develops into the seed coat D) It contains the egg cell

49. Which part of the embryo develops into the shoot apex and the first leaves?

A) Radicle B) Hypocotyl C) Plumule D) Epicotyl

50. In a typical angiosperm life cycle, the sporophyte generation is:

A) Haploid and dominant B) Diploid and dominant C) Haploid and reduced D) Diploid and reduced

Plant Reproduction and Embryology - Online Test

Test Results