Hypersensitivity, autoimmunity, immunodeficiencies, vaccines - Question Bank
1. Which of the following is a classic example of a Type IV hypersensitivity reaction?
2. A deficiency in adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a cause of:
3. Which type of vaccine uses a harmless vector, such as an adenovirus, to deliver genetic material encoding a pathogen's antigen?
4. Which component of the immune system is primarily targeted and destroyed by HIV?
5. The development of antibodies against self-antigens is a key feature of:
6. Which of the following is a secondary immunodeficiency caused by a viral infection?
7. A patient with a history of severe reactions to bee stings is advised to carry an epinephrine auto-injector. Epinephrine counteracts the effects of mediators released during which type of hypersensitivity?
8. Which immunoglobulin is primarily involved in Type I hypersensitivity reactions?
9. Allergies are a manifestation of an overactive immune response to otherwise harmless substances called:
10. The Tuberculin Purified Protein Derivative (PPD) test elicits a positive reaction due to the activation of which type of immune cells?
11. Which of the following is NOT a typical clinical manifestation of a severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)?
12. Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dysplasia (APECED) syndrome is associated with mutations in the AIRE gene, leading to a failure of:
13. The mechanism of action for a messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine, like some COVID-19 vaccines, involves:
14. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction involves the formation of immune complexes that deposit in tissues, leading to inflammation and tissue damage?
15. A patient presents with a history of recurrent bacterial infections, low levels of immunoglobulins, and is diagnosed with X-linked agammaglobulinemia. This is a primary immunodeficiency affecting:
16. The presence of anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) is a hallmark of which autoimmune disease?
17. Which of the following is NOT a common mechanism of autoimmunity?
18. Herd immunity occurs when a sufficient proportion of a population is immune to an infectious disease, making its spread from person to person unlikely. This is often achieved through:
19. Adjuvants are substances added to vaccines to:
20. The tetanus and diphtheria vaccines (DTaP) are examples of:
21. Toxoid vaccines are made from:
22. The Hepatitis B vaccine is a common example of a:
23. Subunit vaccines contain only specific pieces of a pathogen, such as:
24. The polio vaccine developed by Jonas Salk is an example of which type?
25. Inactivated vaccines contain microorganisms that have been killed by:
26. The MMR vaccine (Measles, Mumps, Rubella) is an example of a:
27. Which type of vaccine contains weakened, but still living, microorganisms?
28. Vaccines primarily work by:
29. A deficiency in Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) leads to which primary immunodeficiency disorder?
30. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), which primarily targets:
31. Which of the following is a common secondary immunodeficiency disorder?
32. Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) is a group of rare genetic disorders characterized by:
33. Primary immunodeficiencies are typically:
34. Immunodeficiency disorders are characterized by:
35. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that can affect multiple organs, including the skin, joints, kidneys, and brain. It is characterized by the production of autoantibodies against:
36. Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that damages the:
37. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease primarily affecting:
38. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of:
39. Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease that primarily targets:
40. Which of the following is an autoimmune disease affecting the thyroid gland, leading to hyperthyroidism?
41. Autoimmunity is a condition where the immune system mistakenly attacks:
42. Contact dermatitis, such as that caused by poison ivy, is primarily mediated by which type of immune cell?
43. The Mantoux test (PPD skin test) for tuberculosis is a diagnostic example of which hypersensitivity reaction?
44. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is T-cell mediated and typically occurs 24-72 hours after exposure to an antigen?
45. Serum sickness, a systemic reaction following administration of foreign serum, is a classic example of:
46. Type III hypersensitivity reactions are primarily mediated by:
47. Goodpasture syndrome, characterized by antibodies against basement membrane antigens in the lungs and kidneys, is an example of which hypersensitivity type?
48. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of Type II hypersensitivity reactions?
49. Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening form of which hypersensitivity reaction?
50. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is typically mediated by IgE antibodies and involves mast cell degranulation?