Vitamins classification functions and nucleic acids DNA RNA basics - Question Bank

1. The sequence of nucleotides in a gene that codes for a protein is called:
A) Anticodon
B) Codon
C) Gene
D) Allele
2. Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide?
A) A phosphate group
B) A nitrogenous base
C) A pentose sugar
D) An amino acid
3. What is the primary role of tRNA in protein synthesis?
A) Carrying genetic code from DNA
B) Forming the structural component of ribosomes
C) Transporting specific amino acids to the ribosome
D) Regulating gene expression
4. Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin D
C) Vitamin E
D) Vitamin B1
5. Which vitamin helps in the absorption of iron?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin C
C) Vitamin D
D) Vitamin K
6. The process where genetic information encoded in mRNA is used to synthesize proteins is called:
A) Transcription
B) Replication
C) Translation
D) Reverse Transcription
7. Which vitamin deficiency can lead to neural tube defects in newborns?
A) Vitamin B12
B) Folic Acid
C) Vitamin D
D) Vitamin C
8. Some viruses use RNA as their genetic material. This process of synthesizing DNA from an RNA template is called:
A) Transcription
B) Translation
C) Replication
D) Reverse transcription
9. The genetic material of most viruses is:
A) DNA
B) RNA
C) Protein
D) Lipids
10. Which of the following is a pyrimidine base found in nucleic acids?
A) Adenine
B) Guanine
C) Cytosine
D) Adenine and Guanine
11. Which of the following is a purine base found in nucleic acids?
A) Cytosine
B) Thymine
C) Uracil
D) Adenine
12. The backbone of a DNA strand is formed by alternating:
A) Nitrogenous bases and phosphate groups
B) Sugar and nitrogenous bases
C) Phosphate groups and sugar molecules
D) Sugar and amino acids
13. Which vitamin is essential for healthy skin and mucous membranes?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin B1
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin D
14. A deficiency in Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) can lead to:
A) Pernicious anemia
B) Cheilosis and glossitis
C) Night blindness
D) Impaired blood clotting
15. Which vitamin is also known as Retinol?
A) Vitamin B1
B) Vitamin C
C) Vitamin A
D) Vitamin D
16. The synthesis of protein from an mRNA template is called:
A) Transcription
B) Replication
C) Translation
D) Transduction
17. The process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template is known as:
A) Replication
B) Translation
C) Transcription
D) Reverse transcription
18. The process by which DNA makes a copy of itself is called:
A) Transcription
B) Translation
C) Replication
D) Mutation
19. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a major component of:
A) Lysosomes
B) Golgi apparatus
C) Ribosomes
D) Endoplasmic reticulum
20. Which type of RNA is involved in bringing amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis?
A) Messenger RNA (mRNA)
B) Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
C) Transfer RNA (tRNA)
D) Antisense RNA (asRNA)
21. Which type of RNA carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome?
A) Transfer RNA (tRNA)
B) Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
C) Messenger RNA (mRNA)
D) Small nuclear RNA (snRNA)
22. The primary function of DNA is to:
A) Catalyze biochemical reactions
B) Store and transmit genetic information
C) Transport amino acids
D) Provide energy for the cell
23. In RNA, Adenine pairs with:
A) Thymine
B) Guanine
C) Cytosine
D) Uracil
24. Which of the following pairs correctly represents complementary base pairing in DNA?
A) Adenine-Guanine
B) Cytosine-Thymine
C) Adenine-Cytosine
D) Guanine-Thymine
25. RNA typically exists as a:
A) Double-stranded helix
B) Single strand
C) Triple helix
D) Branched polymer
26. DNA typically exists as a:
A) Single-stranded helix
B) Double-stranded helix
C) Triple-stranded helix
D) Linear molecule without helix
27. The sugar component in RNA is:
A) Deoxyribose
B) Ribose
C) Sucrose
D) Lactose
28. The sugar component in DNA is:
A) Ribose
B) Deoxyribose
C) Fructose
D) Galactose
29. Which nitrogenous base is found in RNA but not in DNA?
A) Adenine
B) Uracil
C) Guanine
D) Cytosine
30. Which nitrogenous base is found in DNA but not in RNA?
A) Adenine
B) Guanine
C) Cytosine
D) Thymine
31. Nucleic acids are polymers made up of repeating units called:
A) Amino acids
B) Monosaccharides
C) Nucleotides
D) Fatty acids
32. Which vitamin is essential for the synthesis of DNA and RNA?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin C
C) Folic Acid
D) Vitamin D
33. Pantothenic acid is another name for:
A) Vitamin B2
B) Vitamin B3
C) Vitamin B5
D) Vitamin B6
34. Which vitamin is known as the 'anti-hemorrhagic' vitamin?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin C
C) Vitamin E
D) Vitamin K
35. A deficiency in Biotin (Vitamin B7) can lead to:
A) Hair loss and skin rash
B) Anemia
C) Vision problems
D) Impaired growth
36. Pyridoxine is the chemical name for:
A) Vitamin B1
B) Vitamin B2
C) Vitamin B6
D) Vitamin B12
37. Which vitamin is crucial for the formation of red blood cells and neurological function?
A) Vitamin B6
B) Vitamin B12
C) Folic Acid
D) Biotin
38. Rickets, a condition affecting bone development in children, is due to deficiency of:
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin C
C) Vitamin D
D) Vitamin E
39. Which vitamin is synthesized in the skin upon exposure to sunlight?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin D
C) Vitamin E
D) Vitamin K
40. Scurvy is characterized by bleeding gums and is caused by a deficiency of:
A) Vitamin B12
B) Vitamin C
C) Vitamin D
D) Vitamin K
41. Which vitamin is also known as Tocopherol?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin B1
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin E
42. What is the main function of Vitamin E?
A) Blood clotting
B) Bone mineralization
C) Antioxidant activity
D) Energy metabolism
43. Which vitamin is primarily responsible for vision in low light conditions?
A) Vitamin D
B) Vitamin E
C) Vitamin A
D) Vitamin K
44. Pellagra is a disease caused by the deficiency of which vitamin?
A) Vitamin B2
B) Vitamin B3
C) Vitamin B5
D) Vitamin B7
45. Which vitamin plays a crucial role in calcium absorption?
A) Vitamin E
B) Vitamin K
C) Vitamin D
D) Vitamin C
46. Cobalamin is the chemical name for which vitamin?
A) Vitamin B6
B) Vitamin B12
C) Folic Acid
D) Biotin
47. Which vitamin deficiency causes Beriberi?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin B1
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin D
48. The vitamin essential for the synthesis of prothrombin is:
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin D
C) Vitamin E
D) Vitamin K
49. Which of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin?
A) Vitamin B1
B) Vitamin C
C) Vitamin E
D) Vitamin B6
50. Deficiency of Vitamin K can lead to:
A) Night blindness
B) Scurvy
C) Rickets
D) Impaired blood clotting