TRB PG Assistant - Mughals - Babur to Aurangzeb, Sher Shah Suri, Administration, Society, religion and culture under the Mughals, Shivaji, Maratha administration Online Test (MCQ Quiz)

1. Who was the founder of the Mughal Empire in India?

A) Humayun B) Akbar C) Babur D) Jahangir

2. In which year did Babur defeat Ibrahim Lodi at the First Battle of Panipat?

A) 1526 B) 1530 C) 1556 D) 1761

3. What was the primary significance of Babur's victory at the Battle of Khanwa against Rana Sanga?

A) Consolidation of Mughal rule in North India B) Establishment of Mughal naval power C) Securing control over Gujarat D) Defeat of the Rajput confederacy

4. Humayun, the son of Babur, lost his empire to which Afghan leader?

A) Sher Shah Suri B) Islam Shah Suri C) Mahabat Khan D) Adil Shah Suri

5. Sher Shah Suri, who briefly interrupted Mughal rule, was known for his significant administrative reforms. Which of the following was NOT a reform attributed to him?

A) Introduction of the 'Rupiya' currency B) Construction of the Grand Trunk Road C) Abolition of the Jagirdari system D) Establishment of a well-organized postal system

6. Akbar ascended the throne at a very young age. Who was his regent during his early years?

A) Bairam Khan B) Todar Mal C) Man Singh D) Abul Fazl

7. The Second Battle of Panipat in 1556 was fought between Akbar and:

A) Rana Sanga B) Mahmud of Ghazni C) Hemu D) Sikandar Shah Suri

8. Akbar's religious policy aimed at fostering understanding and harmony between different religious groups. What was the name of the assembly of scholars from various religions convened by Akbar?

A) Diwan-i-Khas B) Ibadat Khana C) Sulk-i-Kul D) Mansabdari

9. What was the 'Sulk-i-Kul' policy initiated by Akbar?

A) A policy of military expansion B) A policy of universal peace and tolerance C) A policy of land revenue assessment D) A policy of court etiquette

10. The 'Mansabdari' system introduced by Akbar was a unique administrative innovation. What did it primarily regulate?

A) Religious affairs B) Trade and commerce C) Military and civil administration, including rank and salary D) Judicial appointments

11. Raja Todar Mal, a prominent minister in Akbar's court, is famous for implementing which significant land revenue system?

A) Dahsala system (Ten-year settlement) B) Zabt system C) Kankut system D) All of the above

12. Jahangir, Akbar's successor, is known for his patronage of:

A) Architecture B) Music and dance C) Painting and calligraphy D) Literature

13. The 'Chain of Justice' was introduced by which Mughal emperor to allow subjects to seek redressal directly?

A) Akbar B) Jahangir C) Shah Jahan D) Aurangzeb

14. Shah Jahan is renowned as the 'Builder King'. Which iconic monument was commissioned by him?

A) Humayun's Tomb B) Fatehpur Sikri C) Taj Mahal D) Red Fort (Delhi)

15. The Mughal administration under Shah Jahan witnessed significant architectural achievements. Which city was founded by him?

A) Agra B) Fatehpur Sikri C) Shahjahanabad (Old Delhi) D) Lahore

16. Aurangzeb's reign marked a significant shift in Mughal policy. Which of the following policies is MOST associated with Aurangzeb?

A) Reintroduction of Jaziya tax on non-Muslims B) Abolition of Jaziya tax C) Policy of Sulh-i-Kul D) Patronage of Hindu temples

17. Aurangzeb's Deccan policy was characterized by:

A) A policy of reconciliation with the Marathas B) Annexation of Bijapur and Golconda C) Withdrawal from Deccan conflicts D) Alliance with the Marathas

18. The Mughal Empire reached its territorial zenith under which ruler?

A) Akbar B) Jahangir C) Shah Jahan D) Aurangzeb

19. Which of the following was a key administrative unit in the Mughal Empire?

A) Pargana B) Nizam C) Subahdar D) Sadar

20. The Mughal judicial system was headed by the:

A) Qazi B) Mufti C) Emperor (as the highest judge) D) Mir Adl

21. The 'Patta' and 'Qabuliyat' system, related to land revenue, was popularized by:

A) Babur B) Humayun C) Sher Shah Suri D) Akbar

22. What was the role of the 'Diwan' in the Mughal administration?

A) Chief military commander B) Head of the judicial department C) Chief revenue minister D) Superintendent of the royal household

23. The Mughal period saw a significant development in art and architecture. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Mughal architecture?

A) Use of red sandstone and marble B) Emphasis on symmetry and proportion C) Extensive use of domes and minarets D) Dominance of Gothic architectural elements

24. Which Persian poet was patronized by the Mughal court and wrote the 'Zafarnama'?

A) Faizi B) Abul Fazl C) Ufi D) Amir Khusrau

25. The 'Mahabharata' was translated into Persian during Akbar's reign under the title:

A) Ramayana B) Razmnama C) Ain-i-Akbari D) Tabaqat-i-Akbari

26. The social structure during the Mughal period was characterized by:

A) A rigid caste system with no social mobility B) A largely agrarian society with a hierarchical structure C) Complete equality between different social classes D) Absence of a nobility class

27. What was the primary occupation of the majority of the population in the Mughal Empire?

A) Trade B) Craftsmanship C) Agriculture D) Military service

28. The status of women in Mughal society was generally:

A) Highly progressive with complete equality B) Varied, with some enjoying considerable freedom and influence, while others faced restrictions C) Severely oppressed with no rights D) Limited to domestic roles only

29. The Sufi movement had a significant influence on the religious landscape of the Mughal Empire. Which Sufi order was particularly popular?

A) Naqshbandi B) Chishti C) Qadiri D) Suhrawardi

30. Guru Nanak Dev, the founder of Sikhism, lived during the reign of which Mughal emperor?

A) Babur B) Akbar C) Jahangir D) Aurangzeb

31. The Mughal emperors generally followed a policy of religious tolerance, with exceptions. Which emperor is known for a more orthodox and restrictive religious policy?

A) Akbar B) Jahangir C) Shah Jahan D) Aurangzeb

32. Shivaji Maharaj, the founder of the Maratha Empire, challenged the authority of which major power?

A) The Mughal Empire B) The Sultanate of Bijapur C) The Vijayanagara Empire D) The British East India Company

33. Shivaji's coronation took place in which year?

A) 1646 B) 1674 C) 1680 D) 1707

34. What was the title adopted by Shivaji after his coronation?

A) Chhatrapati B) Peshwa C) Sardar D) Maharaja

35. Shivaji Maharaj introduced an organized military system. What was the term for his infantry soldiers?

A) Silahdar B) Bargir C) Paga D) Paik

36. The Maratha administration under Shivaji was inspired by indigenous traditions. Who was the chief minister in Shivaji's Ashtapradhan Council?

A) Mantri B) Peshwa C) Sumant D) Sachiv

37. In Shivaji's Ashtapradhan Council, who was responsible for foreign affairs?

A) Peshwa B) Mantri C) Sumant D) Panditrao

38. What was the primary source of revenue for Shivaji's kingdom?

A) Trade taxes B) Land revenue C) Custom duties D) War spoils

39. Shivaji's forts played a crucial role in his military strategy. Which of these was NOT a major fort under his control?

A) Raigad B) Sinhagad C) Torna D) Golconda

40. The Maratha cavalry was renowned for its speed and mobility. What was the term for the irregular cavalrymen who were paid for their service?

A) Bargirs B) Shiledars C) Ghorchara D) Hawaldars

41. The system of 'Chauth' and 'Sardeshmukhi' was levied by the Marathas on territories outside their direct control. What was 'Chauth'?

A) One-fourth of the total revenue B) One-tenth of the total revenue C) One-fifth of the total revenue D) One-third of the total revenue

42. The 'Sardeshmukhi' was an additional tax collected by the Marathas, which represented:

A) A tax on trade B) A tax on land ownership C) An additional 10% levied on the right of Sardeshmukh (headman) D) A tax on salt production

43. Who was the architect of the Mughal administrative system that evolved over time?

A) Babur B) Sher Shah Suri C) Akbar D) Aurangzeb

44. The Mughal Empire's decline is often attributed to several factors. Which of the following is considered a major reason for its weakening?

A) Economic prosperity B) Weak successors to Aurangzeb C) Effective religious tolerance D) Strong central authority

45. The cultural synthesis during the Mughal period was evident in:

A) Architecture and painting B) Literature and music C) Language and cuisine D) All of the above

46. The 'Dara Shikoh', son of Shah Jahan, was known for his interest in:

A) Military conquest B) Sufism and comparative religion C) Art and music D) Administrative reforms

47. The Maratha kingdom under Shivaji was characterized by:

A) A centralized bureaucratic system B) A federal structure with strong regional powers C) A feudal system similar to European kingdoms D) A decentralized tribal governance

48. Which of the following Mughal emperors tried to suppress regional powers and enforce a more uniform administration, leading to increased resistance?

A) Akbar B) Jahangir C) Shah Jahan D) Aurangzeb

49. The reign of Aurangzeb saw the rise of significant regional powers that challenged Mughal authority. The Marathas were the most prominent among them. What was a key factor in the Maratha success against the Mughals?

A) Superior artillery B) Strong naval fleet C) Guerilla warfare tactics and knowledge of terrain D) Foreign alliances

50. The administrative reforms of Sher Shah Suri, such as the 'Sarkar' and 'Pargana' divisions, were later adopted and adapted by which empire?

A) The Mauryan Empire B) The Gupta Empire C) The Mughal Empire D) The Vijayanagara Empire

Mughals - Babur to Aurangzeb, Sher Shah Suri, Administration, Society, religion and culture under the Mughals, Shivaji, Maratha administration - Online Test

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